![]() ![]() The patient’s mother and father both have sickle cell trait. Our patient is a 5-month-old African American male who was born at 39 weeks via an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. Patient Presentation, Diagnosis, and Outcome Preterm infants are vulnerable to severe disease by CMV and can present with sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity 3. In term infants, symptoms are usually transient but can involve gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatitis, pneumonitis, and abnormal bloodwork 2. Infants can contract CMV transplacentally or through perinatal transmission from vaginal blood during delivery or breastfeeding. CMV infection is ubiquitous and ranges in severity, primarily depending on whether the patient is immunocompromised. AIHA can range in its severity and may be either a primary or secondary diagnosis, associated with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Evan Syndrome, and post viral infections.Ĭytomegalovirus (CMV) accounts for one of the viral etiologies. The incidence in children is 0.81 in 100,000 under the age of 18 1. In this case report we demonstrate that steroids are a suitable first line treatment for autoimmune hemolytic anemia in cases where hemoglobin is low but there are no signs of cardiovascular collapse.Īutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) usually occurs in middle aged adults. In this contrasting case, the patient also had low hemoglobin levels and had no signs of cardiovascular collapse and was treated with steroids alone. We contrast this case with that of another infant male with autoimmune hemolytic anemia after a viral upper respiratory infection. He was discharged on steroids for about 3 months. His cytomegalovirus viral count decreased without antiviral medications. He did not show any signs of cardiovascular collapse. ![]() He received steroids and two transfusions during his hospital course due to low hemoglobin levels. ![]() We report a term male infant with autoimmune hemolytic anemia who was found to be positive for cytomegalovirus. University of Queensland Ochsner Clinical School.Īutoimmune hemolytic anemia is uncommon in children. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: When is Transfusion Necessary? ![]()
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